Bacterial taxonomy is the branch of microbiology that focuses on the classification, identification, and naming of bacteria. It involves studying the genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of bacteria in order to group them into categories or taxa based on their similarities and differences. This field plays a crucial role in understanding the diversity and evolution of bacteria, as well as in identifying and characterizing new species of bacteria. Bacterial taxonomy also helps in diagnosing and treating bacterial infections, as it provides information on the specific properties and behaviors of different bacterial species.